Human Resource Planning Used Analysis Requirements Of Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3821 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Essay any type Did you like this example? The top management of the Monnoo group of industries now begins to pay attention to human resource planning process. Nowadays the group wants to build a strong computerize link within the entire group. Most of the units are working without proper communication with the head office. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Human Resource Planning Used Analysis Requirements Of Business Essay" essay for you Create order The group also wants to provide computer systems to the employees so that they can work efficiently instead of wasting their time in manual work. Sometimes it creates a lot of problems both for the management and business. Therefore a proper planning is already starts. Meetings are arranged according to requirements. All departmental heads are invited to participate in the discussions. After viewing all the proposals and recommendations, final decisions are made. After implementing this strategy the group can get many benefits. Employees can get information easily. This system will also helpful to chat with customers and suppliers. Several problems will be finish after the implementation of this plan. Employees can perform their work without any difficulties with the help of networking. In the same way the quality of work and efficiency will be greater than before. Executive Summary Monnoo Group of industries is considered one of the biggest groups working in Pakistan. The group is operating successfully over 65 years. The group is owned twelve textile units, a sugar mill and agriculture farms. The Group is currently operating both within the country and exports its products to abroad. The most important products are including yarn, woven, knitted and lather garments. Along this sugar is also produced on a large scale. The total strength of the Group is about to 10,000 employees working in different locations of Pakistan. Monnoo is a well trusted name in Pakistan. The group is serving both in textile and sugar sectors in Pakistan and continues to earning a good repute and profit. The group has a strong image both in the local market and international market. Despite to national crises especially in textile sector group is growing immensely. Customers have a high interest in the products manufacture by Monnoo group of Industries. Group has never compromise o n quality issues and always tries to bring the best. All Units are working smoothly and in coordination with head office. The main departments are including Accounts, Finance, Production, and Operations, IT, Human Resource, Land, Marketing Sales and Purchase. The performance of HR department is very efficient and according to groups demand as well as modern trends. There are around thirty employees are working in HR department. The sub departments are including recruitment, compensation benefits, career planning and training development. All departments are linked together and therefore work really well. I have spent six weeks in Monnoo Group of Industries. The description of my stay is as follows three weeks in HR department, one week in Marketing Sales department, one week in production and similarly one week in IT department. After getting all the experience and knowledge I have described the critical and SWOT analysis in this report. This is totally based on my own obs ervations. At the end of this report I have formulate conclusion and along this I have also suggest some recommendations for the Monnoo group of Industries. It has been pleasure working here in Monnoo group of Industries. I have learnt many things during my tenure. Especially in HR, Marketing Sales, IT, and production departments I have learnt practical experience of doing things in a good manner. All the seniors help me a lot to complete my tasks. I have learnt many things and know more about the working environment. Table of Contents Sr No. Description Page No. 8 Brief Introduction of Organizations Business Sector 11 9 Overview of Monnoo Group of Industries 12 a. Brief history 12 b. Nature of the organization 14 c. Business volume 14 d. Product line 15 e. Competitors 16 10 Organizational Structure a. Hierarchy chart 18 b. Number of employees 19 c. Main offices 20 d. Introduction of all departments 21 e. Comments 25 11 Plan of your Internship Program 26 a. A brief introduction of the branch where you did your internship 26 b. Starting and ending dates of your 26 c. Names of departments 27 12 Training Program 27 a. Detailed description of the operations of department I worked in 27 b. detailed description of the tasks assigned me various department 30 13 Structure of the HR Department 33 a. Department hierarchy 33 b. Number of employees working under HR department 33 c. Mention any sub-department if exists under HR department 34 14 Functions of HR Department 38 a. Human Resource Planning and forecasting 38 HRP Process 38 Forecasting HR requirements 39 Methods to forecast HR needs 40 b. Employee Recruitment and Selection 41 Sources of candidates 41 Employment selection process 42 c. Training and Development 44 Training need assessment 44 Employee development 45 d. Performance Management 46 Setting performance standards expectations 46 How performance reports are written 47 e. Employee Compensation and Benefits 51 Type of compensation and benefits 51 f. Organizational Career Management 52 Employee job changes 52 Job changes with the organization 52 Promotion 52 Transfer 52 Demotion 52 Separations 52 Layoff 53 Termination 53 Resignation 53 Retirement 53 g. Labor Management Relations 54 15 Critical Analysis 55 16 SWOT Analysis 56 Strength 56 Weaknesses 57 Opportunity 58 Threats 59 17 Conclusion 60 18 Recommendation 61 19 Reference and Sources 62 20 Annexes 63 8. Brief Introduction of Business Sector The groups business sector is textile and sugar. The group is possessed twelve textile units and one sugar mill. Therefore it deals in textile and sugar related products. The group is for the most part depending in textile sector. Textile is considering one of the largest sectors in Pakistani economy. It contributes a lot to earning enormous revenue for the country. Textile sector certainly is the biggest sector of the Pakistan. Most of the labor is working in different textiles mills located all over the Pakistan. For that reason this sector is a big stakeholder of the government. In this sector we are competing with India, China, Bangladesh and many other Asian and European countries. The group is providing high quality products with very low rates as compared to entire market. Monnoo group is also producing many products and sells it to its customers. In textile sector group is representing many national and international brands. The most famous brands are Eddie Baure, Gap, F ila Sports, CK, Levis, RT, Ceilio, Chaps Ralph Lauren, Janco, Seven Sports, Capito Jeans, Levis Jeans and Dhull. Similarly in sugar sector group is also producing high quality sugar. This sugar is sale out both inside the country and out of the country. The textile sector has towering scope in Pakistan. Group always tries hard to fulfill their customers requirements. Therefore the group also offering after sales services to its valuable customers. 9. Overview of Monnoo Group of Industries a. Brief History For over 65 years, the Monnoo group has been an icon of progress and trust, steering Pakistan towards success with the textile and sugar sectors. The Monnoo Family is a traditional name in Pakistan that has been the story of success for the industrial growth of the country. A name that unique stands out as the pioneer industrial family that has played a significant role in the growth of the economy. The growth of the group has played an encouraging role in dominating the local industry and providing a secure future for its employees. The transformations brought about in the local industries by the Monnoo group have made them pioneers in the technological and customer oriented business conglomerates. The group now owns twelve textile units and a sugar mill. As innovators in their fields, the group has kept pace with the latest state of the art technologies, through which the group now produces superior international quality products for clients worldwide. The Monnoo group has developed with remarkable speed from a traditional, family owned textile company into a modern high-tech industrial and agricultural conglomerate. After Partition, their acquisition of a rubber factory was traded for an old textile mill, installed with a total of 2400 spindles. By the year 1965 the group had a total number of 5 textile mills. During the troubled time of partition of the sub-continent, the Monnoo family shifted to East Pakistan and later on set up five Spinning mill operations, 3 in West Pakistan and 2- in East Pakistan. A number of companies associated with the group is serving the country since its inception and are indeed amongst the pioneers of the spinning industry in Pakistan. Beginning with one spinning mill to 12 textile mills consisting of more than 200,000 spindles with over 10000 employees. Most of the companies associated with the group are leaders in the areas of their activity, and have been ISO Certified. Mission Statement We have built our reputation on quality, Flexibility, service, and integrity. Our real strength is personalized service in an expeditious manner. We continue to invest in the most modern equipment available so that we can manufacture a high quality product for our customers. We can design and develop various yarns for customers, and can supply small quantities as well as large quantities of our product. The mission statement of Monnoo Group is to be recognized as the premier fancy yarn supplier to the markets we serve by providing quality yarns while constantly focusing on our customers expectation and maintaining a competitive position within the world of textile. We recognize, utilize and develop the unique talents of each employee, while manufacturing the highest quality textile products. However, we have highly qualified amid professional staffs who are experts in their field. Our mission will be accomplished through excellence in customer service, sales and manufacturing su pported by the teamwork of all associates. We will continue our tradition, established in 1940, of honesty, fairness and integrity in relationships with our customers, vendors and community. Corporate Philosophy The essentials pillars of Product Quality, Innovation, Technological advancements, Customer satisfaction and above all Timely Delivery have been a motivating force behind our corporate philosophy. Maintaining a strong RD background at our mills and a pleasant working environment that caters to the needs of our management and workers, a sense of commitment to our environment and to our workers is expressed. With services lauding the benefits of growth amongst our staff and maintaining a strong essence of nature preservation, Monnoo Group has brought about a new experience into the local market never kept before. These pillars support our overall business philosophy and over the years, have enabled our company to grow and prosper as we develop our leadership qualities in the textile community. Ensuring that we are always a step ahead of competition in terms of product quality and innovation. Monnoo Group is ready as ever to continue our commitment of adapting to the growing needs of every customer with the highest level of technical and product array support available to assure that all needs and expectations are consistently met. Investing in the latest high-tech equipment and facilities as well as implement the strictest quality control procedures that meet international standards in the textile industry is strongly applied at Monnoo Group. To implement an aggressive market-penetration strategy, we are continuously expanding our sphere of operations in the local and international marketplace. We have already gained a strong foothold in Asia, Middle East, North America and the Far East. b. Nature of the Organization Group is divided on textile and sugar sectors. In textile sector group is manufacturing many products and than sale out within the country and abroad. Similarly in sugar sector group is producing sugar and make a good name in this sector too. Nearly all products relating to textile and sugar are producing on a large scale. c. Business Volume Textiles: An average 200,000 spindles are currently producing by the units owned by the group. Sugar: The present crushing capacity of the mill is 3500 tones per day. The company is planning to further increase the capacity. d. Product Line The products line of the group is divided in two types. Textile Products Sugar Products a. Textile Products: Yarn Imported and local Cottons, Polyester, Rayon, Modal, Acrylic, Tencel, Lyocell, Tectel, Nylon, Kevlar, Nomex, and Trevira cs. Fabric Women and knitted fabrics, Greig, dyed and printed Woven fabrics for home finishing industry 100% cotton/ polyester cotton jacquard fabrics 100% cotton/ polyester cotton dobby fabrics 100% cotton/polyester cotton percales T-170 to T-300 100% cotton/ polyester cotton sateen T-200 to T-600 Woven fabric for garment industry 100% Cotton Denim 100% Tectel Fabrics 100% Nomex Fabrics 100% Cotton Yarn Dyeds 100% Cotton Polyester Cotton Twills/Drills Stretch Fabric Knitted Fabric for Home Furnishing Industry Single Jersey Knitted Fabric for Garment Industry Single Jersey, Pique, Inter lock, Herring bone, Thermal, Fleece. Garments Woven Garments: Jeans, Pants and Shirts. Knitted Garments: T-Shirts, Blouses, and Socks. Leather Garments: Jackets and Gloves. Home Textile Availa ble in Dyed Printed Woven and knitted Fabrics Flat Sheets Fitted Sheets Pillow Covers Quilt Covers Bed Sheets Comforters Bed in a Bag Showers Curtains Normal Curtains Towels Sugar Products Gogra Samundri Sugar Mills Limited (GSSML), a public limited company, was originally incorporated by the Punjab Industrial Development Board on 26th November, 1976. The project was disinvested to the Monnoo group of Industries after its major installation and before going into production in the year 1980-81. The management of the company was transferred to its present owners in November 1980. Commercial operations commenced during the cane-crushing season of 1980-81. At that time GSSML had an average crushing capability of 2,000 tones per day, employing the defectation-Remelt sulphitation Process. The present crushing capacity of the mill is 3500 tones per day. The company is planning to further increase the capacity. e. Competitors Monnoo group has facing a lot of competition from different companies in the country. Followings are the list of main competitors. Textile Sector Competitors: Nishat Textiles Mills Gul Ahmed Textiles Mills Limited Azgard nine limited Chenab Textile Colony Textiles Din Textiles Limited Gulistan Textile Mills Limited Kohinoor Textiles Mills Limited Sapphire Textiles Mills Limited Sugar Sector Competitors: Fecto sugar mills Baba Farid Sugar mill Crescent Sugar Mills Adam Sugar Mills Limited Chashma Sugar Mills Dewan Sugar Mills Limited Kohinoor Sugar 10. Organization Structure a. Organization Hierarchy Chart President GM Land GM Admin Chairman MD Director Director GM Operations GM Sales Marketing GM HR GM Production GM Accounts Finance GM Admin GM IT GM Internal Audit Manager Sales Marketing Manager Operations GM Purchase Manager Audit Manager Recruitment Manager Production Manager Accounts Finance Manager Admin Manager IT Manager Land Manager Admin PA Manager Purchase Personal Staff AM Audit AM Purchase AM Operations AM Sales Marketi Manager Compensation Benefits Manager Training Development Manager Planning AM Recruitment AM Compensation Benefits AM Training Development AM Career Planning AM Land AM Admin Personal Staff PA AM Purchase AM Accounts AM Admin AM IT AM Finance In Monnoo group of industries the final authority is the fonder president. The president and chairman assist the founder president for making strategic decisions. The managing directors and two directors are directly reported to president. The president is responsible for the strategic planning and only involve in the major issues. b: Number of Employees: Sr Description Strength 1 Lahore Head Office 200 2 Karachi Regional Office 100 3 Rawalpindi Regional Office 100 4 Monnoowal Textile Mills Ltd. 800 5 Jamhoor Textile Mills Ltd. 900 6 The Lahore Textile and General Mills Ltd 1. 600 7 The Lahore Textile and General Mills Ltd 2. 400 8 Tribal Textile Mills Ltd. 750 9 Monnoo Industries Ltd. 1200 10 Margalla Textile Mills Ltd 1. 1100 11 Margalla Textile Mills Ltd 2. 700 12 Olympia Blended Fiber Mills Ltd 1. 500 13 Olympia Blended Fiber Mills Ltd 2. 300 14 Qureshi Textile Mills Ltd. 800 15 Rawal Textile Mills Ltd. 450 16 Gogra Samundri Sugar Mill Ltd. 1200 Total 10,000 Approximately 10,000 employees are currently working in different projects run by Monnoo group of industries. c. Main offices: Lahore: Head Office Monnoo Group of Industries Monnoo House 3- Montgomery Road Lahore Tel: (92-42) 6364412-14 Fax: (92-42) 6364431 Email: [email  protected]/* */ Website: https://www.monnoo.com Karachi: Regional Office 119/3, Chagala Street, Kharadar Karachi Tel 🙠 92-21).32434439 Email: [email  protected]/* */ Rawalpindi: Regional Office Margalla Textiles Mills 32- Hording Road Sadar, Rawalpindi Kent. Tel: (92-51-5566863) Email: [email  protected]/* */ Introduction of All Departments. Following are the departments working in Monnoo group of Industries. Purchase Internal Audit Operations Sales and Marketing Human Resource Production Accounts Finance Land Administration IT Administration Purchase Department All kind of purchases are made by this department. All departments forward request to purchase department and than this departments is responsible to make final decisions. Following are the main functions performed by purchase department. Planning Collect the requirements of all the department Making decisions for purchase Obtains quotations Updating of all kind records Regular Coordination with other departments Negotiations with parties Good relations with vendors Evaluation Internal Audit Department Perform annual audit of all departments Keep a check and balance Coordination with external auditors Work independently Recommendation to improvements Internal control Preparing reports for higher management Regular audit Annually and monthly reports Have full access to all data Open communication Team work Operations Department Good communication Controlling Coordination General operations appropriate utilization of resources Monitoring Overall management Keep an eye on all operations Formulation of rules and regulations Provide assistance Assessment and estimate Sales and Marketing Department: The most important job of the sales departments is to sell the products or services to their respectable clients. The sales department takes information from mills and then acts accordingly. Whereas the core responsibility of the marketing department is to do such kind of activates which ultimately brings the customers in. Now we will discuss some main functions performed by sales and marketing department. Satisfy the customers Provide full information To tell key benefits of the product Advertising Public relations Attract customers Hire agencies Create high involvement Distribution Promotions Making Advertising Plans Human Resource Department The major functions are recruitment, training, retaining, compensation and evaluation of the employees in a better way so that it brings the advantage to the company. Main functions are: Hiring Training and development Compensation Evaluation Motivation Firing Planning Appointments Performance reviews Relocation Payroll Job description Record keeping Training need assessment Orientation Policies and procedures Recruitment process Production Department Produce goods Main department Better quality Coordination Proper monitoring Controlling Quality assurance Less wastage Take conscious Accounts and Finance Department: Audit Budget planning Tax management Trail Balance Preparation of accounts Bookkeeping Profit and Loss Statements Loans Balance Sheet Handling cash Fixed Assets Handling of Financial matters IT Department: It handles all the issues relating to computer. It includes Reports creating Networking Hardware issues Create and editing in softwares Maintenance Date collection from different locations Update data on website Land Department Take care of land related issues Dealing in courts Dealing with government departments related to land Valuation of land Purchasing of land for according to group requirements It handled all types of issuer related to land Administration Department Housekeeping Security Handling transport Maintain janitorial services Handling matters like electricity, gas, water, telephone and fax e. Comments The group is operating with functional structure. This structure is widely used by many organizations in all over the world. The Monnoo group is subdivided into functional units such as Purchase, Marketing Sales, Accounts and Finance, HR, Production, Operation, IT, Land, Administration and MIS All departments are working according to different functions as assigned by the competent authority. The departmentalization of Monnoo group is based on functions. Therefore all departments are accountable for their responsibilities and purposes. The management has no problem to handle this structure. According to my opinion functional structure is a good choice. Similarly this function is working good according the groups requirements. The management of the Monnoo group of industries is very satisfied to follow this structure. 11. Plan of my Internship Program: a. A Brief Introduction of the Branch where did I Internship: Head Office: Monnoo House 3- Montgomery Road Lahore Tel: (92-42) 6364412-14 Fax: (92-42) 6364431 Email: [email  protected]/* */ I did my internship in the head office (Lahore) of Monnoo group of Industries. b. Starting and Ending Dates of my Internship Starting Date May 15, 2010 Ending Date June 30, 2010 c. Names of Departments Human Resource (three weeks) Sales Marketing (one weeks) Production (one weeks) MIS (one weeks) 12. Training Program Detailed Description of the Operations of Departments I worked in Human Resource Department Human Resource department in Monnoo group of industries is operating along with four sub departments including Recruitment, Benefits and Compensation, Training Development and Career Planning. Now we will discuss the complete functions performed by HR department. HR department is responsible to gather new/existing vacancies requests from all departments. Planning Making decision about Internal Sources or External Sources Recruitment process Employee referral Advertising, newspaper Campus Hiring Employment Agencies Promotions Training and development Compensation Evaluation Motivation Firing Performance review transfer Maintained of personal record of all employees Orientations Preparing final settlements Updating of Leaves record Sales and Marketing Department: Following are the main functions performed by sales marketing department. This department has very important significance in the group. Product New product development Decisions regarding price Promotion activates Media selection Distribution decisions Customers satisfaction Accomplish customers needs Advertising agencies Stationary printing Competitors analysis Developing a strategy Satisfaction of the customers Public relations Attract customers Making Advertising Plans Marketing research Customers services Direct communication with customers Production Department Subsequent are the most important functions performed by Production department. Production of goods Maintain high Quality standards Communication with all the departments Planning Audit of shipments Organizing Controlling Leading Handling day to day operations Purchasing Scheduling and control Maintain high quality standards Proper monitoring Less wastage Take conscious IT Department IT department has a great significance as compared to other departments. Here are following functions of IT department. Making new softwares and makes some necessary changes in existing ones Maintain networking Purchasing of computer related accessories Information safety measures Looking after all the computer systems Handling hardware issues Record maintenance in soft form Server protection Reports creating Date collection from different locations Posting and updating of data on groups website Installing and configuring new hardware and software b. Detailed Description of the Tasks assigned me in Various Departments They have assigned me following task while working in following departments of the Monnoo group of industries. Human resource In Human Resource department I have spent almost three weeks. I have learnt many things. They have assigned my different tasks during my stay in HR department. Now I will discuss those tasks in detail. Recruitment Process Record updating Final settlements issues Daily attendance Payroll software Date entries in pay roll software Training Development Assist in managing new Staff Orientation Programs Updating of record both in software and by completing files New staff initial training Performance Evaluation Maintain Leaves record Career development Promotions Marketing Sales : I have spent almost one week in Marketing and Sales department. In this department I have done following operations. Data entries in software Dealing with customers Handling telephone calls Coordination among all sales people Dealing with agencies Handling promotions Study customers needs Study consumers trend Making a list of daily advertisements Production: In this department I have learnt many new functions. Some of those functions are: Planning for completing orders on time Quality policy Material inspection Packing Stitching and cutting of garments Built a link with purchase and store departments Cleanliness of Machinery Record maintenance Assisting in Buyers Audit IT: I have spent one week in IT department. Following responsibilities are assigned to me: Maintaining system System efficiency Maintenance of hardware and software Networking Assisting with different departments

Examining the Existence of Dark Matter in the Universe Essay

â€Å"Why is the night sky dark?† For thousands of years this question has been asked. Astronomers are continually growing closer to the answer but still no one has yet found an answer that is efficient enough. While scientists steadily collect data, they are hoping to find some clue as to realize that the answer may be because of something that is too mind blowing for us to comprehend. There is perhaps no current problem of greater importance to astrophysics and cosmology than that of dark matter. The controversy is centered on the conception that there may exist an enormous amount of matter in the universe that cannot be detected from the light that it emits. The evidence of dark matter is from the motions of astronomical objects,†¦show more content†¦Astronomers have figured out that dark matter is present due to the unusual bending of light in places where nothing but empty space exists as well as the unusual movement of stars and galaxies that can not be accounte d for. The dark matter problem arose because of a difference in the masses of galaxies and larger cosmic structures. The components of these systems-stars and gas is in the description of galaxies. Gas and galaxies in the case of galaxy clusters move about but do not escape. They are restricted because they are watched over carefully by the gravitational pull from the rest of the system. The laws of physics tell us how much mass has to be nearby to counterbalance the motions. This will result by preventing the dispersal of the system. Doubtfully, the tally of mass that astronomers actually observe falls relatively short compared to further away. Dark matter is the only explanation that scientists can come up with for the difference between these totals. Albert Einstein of the 1900s â€Å"was able to calculate up a formula to show that we can more accurately describe gravity’s action-at-a-distance as a warp in the fabric of space-time, produced by any combination of matter and energy† (64). 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Steel Wheels Tour free essay sample

One might say youre taking a risk when you go to a concert without a ticket. Well, I wasnt fortunate enough to get a ticket when they went on sale so I went to Foxboro in hot pursuit. Showtime was at 7. I (and a friend) arrived at 2: 30 on Friday, September 29, for the first of three shows by the band of the century. Knowing the price would be a bit high, we brought extra funds. Luck was definitely not shining on us at this point, but we kept our chins up and continued searching. In the meantime the parking lot festivities had begun. People were everywhere and the excitement in the air was immeasurable. There were s still three hours until showtime. My moment had come my friend pranced toward me with two smiling tickets. A chill ran down my back and, let me tell you, it wasnt the temperature. We will write a custom essay sample on Steel Wheels Tour or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The aura in the parking lot was so positive; everyone was so friendly. When I looked at my watch, I found it was 6: 55. Only five more minutes!! Do you know how long five minutes is? Almost forever. People were swarming towards the gates like bees to honey, no, like bears to honey, no likeWell its irrelevant. It was an insane stampede. We ran in and scooped out our seats. We had made it. We were at the Rolling Stones concert. I was concentrating so hard on what I thought the opening song would be that I didnt notice Living Colour performing. They were fantastic and played their biggest hits, which sent the audience into a frenzy. When the intermission came, I stood back and saw the four story set. It was unbelievable. I could only imagine how it would be used. Fifty minutes later the lights dimmed and the fans measured a 10 on the Richter scale. Talk about a second wind, I felt as though someone had thrown a bucket of ice water on me. For the next two hours and twenty-five minutes, I felt complete Satisfaction, while the Stones jammed some of the best songs ever created. Play with Fire, Ruby Tuesday, and Brown Sugar were music to my ears, no pun intended. You cant always get what you want sent the crowd into complete harmony and Honky Tonk Woman reversed the spell. Two sixty-foot inflated dolls filled the side stages with their thirty-foot wide derrieres. I knew the show was coming to an end. I think it was the fireworks that gave it away. A three minute fireworks display closed out the event, as did voiceless fans and lights in the air. All I could think about was: Do I have enough money to do this again Sunday?

Nafta Essays (3896 words) - North American Free Trade Agreement

Nafta NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement NAFTA's proponents promised benefits for the U.S., Canada and Mexico. Benefits such as new U.S. jobs, higher wages in Mexico, a growing U.S. trade surplus with Mexico, environmental clean-up and improved health along the border?all have failed to take form. It is commonly believed that free trade between nations is a mutually beneficial arrangement for all parties involved; indeed, this is held to be an absolute truth. Though free trade is undoubtedly the most effective form of commerce between countries from a purely economic standpoint, increasingly we find that our so-called free trade agreements are horribly unbalanced. Indicative of these fiascoes is the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). NAFTA is a lopsided and detrimental deal, hastily hammered out by an inexperienced group of American negotiators under constant pressure from the Bush Administration. I will outline several primary concerns about NAFTA, looking at the effects and circumstances surrounding the development of this deal. In June 1990, president Salinas of Mexico met with president George Bush to discuss a proposal to expand Mexico's maquiladoras program (named for the Maquiladoras Act of 1972: a law designed to exempt international companies from certain environmental and labor laws) by establishing a free trade agreement between Mexico and America, and possibly Canada; anxious to find something to make him look favorable in the upcoming election, Bush jumped at the idea, and immediately began lobbying Congress for fast-track authority to bypass Congressional involvement in the subsequent trade negotiations. That hurdle overcome, President Bush hastily assembled a group of ad-hoc trade negotiators and threw them pell-mell at the professional Canadian negotiators and the high-priced Washington insiders and ex-government employees that had been hired by Mexico. On August 12, 1992, President Bush announced completion of the treaty and hailed it a major U.S. victory; by November, it had been signed into law. What emerged from these back-room dealings was a monumentally flawed agreement. On the issue of job creation, the central focus of pro-NAFTA campaigning, it is fair to measure NAFTA's real-life results against its supporters' expansive promises of hundreds of thousands of new, high paying U.S. jobs. However, even measured against more lenient do no harm standard, NAFTA has been a failure. Consider this recent opinion poll of Americans on NAFTA's performance: 66% of Americans believe that free trade agreements between the U.S. and other countries cost the U.S. jobs. 66% of Americans believe that NAFTA has helped large corporations. 73% of Americans believe that NAFTA has not helped small business in the U.S. 58% of Americans agree that foreign trade has been bad for the U.S. economy because cheap imports have cost wages and jobs here. 81% of Americans say that Congress should not accept trade agreements that give other countries the power to overturn U.S. laws on consumer safety, labor or the environment. Clearly NAFTA has led to widespread job loss, with more than 200,000 U.S. workers certified as NAFTA casualties under just one narrow government program. Since the 1970's, there has been a steady trickle of manufacturing jobs heading south of the border; American companies found that moving their factories to Mexico, where the minimum wage is 58? per hour and environmental laws are rarely enforced, lowered their production costs even though the U.S. maintained tariffs on the import of those items. Mexico began to actively seek out U.S. manufacturers in 1972 after the passage of the Maquiladoras Act. Notwithstanding the fact that job growth totally unrelated to NAFTA has produced a net gain in the U.S. employment picture during this period, it in no way changes the reality that NAFTA has cost many individual workers their jobs?most of whom are now unemployed or working at jobs that pay less than the ones they lost. Economic surveys of dislocated workers show that the jobs lost to NAFTA, often high-paying manufacturing jobs, are, in the majority of cases, replaced by lower-paid employment. Consider these alarming facts: NAFTA has transformed the U.S.'s $1.7 billion trade surplus with Mexico in 1993 into a projected $14.7 billion deficit for 1998. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, approximately 214,902 American workers have been certified under one narrow program as having been laid off due to NAFTA. U.S. counties on the U.S.-Mexico border have borne a disproportionate burden of

Japanese Economic Development essays

Japanese Economic Development essays JAPANESE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT POST WORLD WAR II World War II left many powerful nations in smoke and rubble. The deconstruction of many countries gave them the chance to rebuild their cities and economies. No country took more advantage of this opportunity than Japan. Japan was a huge militaristic power in World War II . Their aggressive behavior caused them to be stripped of their military and their power for self rule. The demilitarization of Japan changed the countrys focus from world militaristic domination to world economic domination. The country established free trade, manufactured goods, and improved and invented technology, making themselves one of the largest economic World War II exploded across Europe and the rest of the world in 1939. Germany and Japan had united to take over Europe, Russia, and the Pacific islands. The focus of the Japanese was to conquer China. Conquering the mighty country was not as easy as they expected and they needed more resources as the war dragged on. Japan turned its focus to the Pacific Islands for resources for their war with China. There was a barrier that stood between Japan and those resources they needed: the United States Navy. Admiral Isoroku Yamatmoto of the Japanese Navy stated that, The U.S. fleet in Hawaii is a dagger pointed at our throat and must be destroyed (Beck et al p.827). Early in the morning of December 7, 1941 American sailors at Pearl Harbor, in Hawaii, awoke to the roar of explosives (Beck et al p.827). Within two hours the Japanese had sunk or damaged 18 ships, including eight battleships - nearly the whole U.S. pacific fleet. Some 2,400 Americans died, more than 1,000 were wounded (Beck et al p.827). The news of the attack shocked America. The day after President Roosevelt announced to Congress and the world that the United States had declared war on Japan. After the attack of Pearl...

Germany essays

Germany essays The end of the Second World War led to an unusually long period of European peace. The nation states of Europe were closer to each other than ever before. The twenty-seven states that made up Europe at that time changed to thirty-seven within fifty years of the end of the second world war. This time of peace allowed the European states to figure out their political and social problems. One strong example of this was Germany. This pivotal state was originally divided into four zones, slowly developed into two distinct states. The differences between the two states was purely based on the twelve years of Nazism. From here on Germany made a new stand for itself and the rest of Europe. After losing their closest ally, Italy, in 1940, Germany knew that it was time for a change. After the war, Germany was one of the only countries that didnt have massive devastation throughout the country. A new constitution was drafted resulting in a political system relatively similar to that which preceded fascism and analogous to that of the French Fourth Republic.1 This political system was much like the parliamentary system that many European states used during the 1920s. Austria even claimed that they were forced into alliance with Germany, but it turned out to work to their advantage. Austria also returned to the parliamentary system. One major change after this was the call for a demilitarized Germany in the East. It was only when they realized that the West would not accede to this request and after the Federal Republic was created that they authorized the formation of the GDR.1 This was generally know as the communist takeover of eastern Germany. The differences between the two sides became even more apparent after the construction of the Berlin wall. After Germany was divided into two parts, East Germany built the Berlin Wall to prevent its citizens from fleei ...

Interventions to reduce harm associated with adolescent substance use Essay

Interventions to reduce harm associated with adolescent substance use - Essay Example that reduce harm associated with adolescent substance use are because the disease burden and deaths for young people in developed nations is attributed to substance use. The interventions are about to reduce harm. In this course, they have to reduce mortality in the future and morbidity in the short period. The interventions are subjected to review to know about the impact of them on the persons. The positive impact of the intervention is a scale of its efficacy. In order to prevent the attractiveness to substance use, the regular interventions are necessary to avoid the adolescents in vulnerable families, schools and communities being attracted to substance use. However, there is little evidence found in study of JW Touymbourou et al in 2007 that tells about efficacy of treatment. However, they have found that the screening and brief interventions are effective. (J W Toumbourou, 2007, p.1391) This indicates that treatment approaches need long term approach than to observe in a limited time of study. This needs the feedback from the counselors who treat people suffering from substance abuse. They are effective in many contexts because, these reduce the availability of these drugs to majority of adolescents and are universal interventions. However, the efficacy of targeted interventions is more important as it is capable of addressing the problems personally. In contrast to regulatory interventions, the development interventions are more targeted than being universal. These interventions target the reduction of pathways to drug related harm by enhancing the conditions for healthy development of a person through his/her adolescence. Even in these interventions, there are two types. They are the ones that begin before the birth of a person and others are the ones, which are taken in the early stages of adolescence. The interventions before birth proved to be effective. (J W Toumbourou, 2007, p.1395) However, there are second types of interventions that start